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(Equations and resonance structures for benzene delocalization are present but the main problem textPhysical Chemistry Chemistry Question

Localization and delocalization in benzene

(Equations and resonance structures for benzene delocalization are present but the main problem text is missing from the excerpts)

2.1.

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Model Answer

3 C2H2 = C6H6

2.2.

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Model Answer

(K1)

2.3.

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2.4.

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Model Answer

Eπ = 2t

2.5.

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Model Answer

EK1 = 3 × 2t = 6t

2.6.

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Model Answer

(K2)

2.7.

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Model Answer

EK2 = EK1 = 6t

2.8.

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2.9.

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Model Answer

Using c1^2 + c2^2 = 1,

2.10.

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Model Answer

EK(H12 = 0) = (1 − c1^2) EK2 + c1^2 EK1
ΔE1 = 7t – 6t = t

2.11.

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Model Answer

t < 0, so ΔE1 < 0: electronic delocalization contributes to stabilize the benzene molecule.

2.12.

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Model Answer

See answer 2.13.

2.13.

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2.14.

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Model Answer

EMO = 2 × 2t + 4t = 8t and ΔE2 = (2 × 2t + 4t) – 6t = 2t

2.15.

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Model Answer

Since t < 0, ΔE2 = 2t < t = ΔE1

2.16.

*(ΔrHb°).*
 |ΔrHb°| < 3 |ΔrHc°|  |ΔrHb°| = 3 |ΔrHc°|  |ΔrHb°| > 3 |ΔrHc°|

Model Answer

Correct answer: ІΔrHbІ < 3 ІΔrHc°І

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