Glucose is used as an energy source for short-term activity in most organisms. Glucose is metabolize — Organic Chemistry Chemistry Question
Glycolysis
Glucose is used as an energy source for short-term activity in most organisms. Glucose is metabolized into pyruvic acid via a series of reactions catalyzed by various enzymes.
[VISUAL]
The first half of the metabolic pathway proceeds as follows. The first step is the phosphorylation of α-glucose to form α-glucose-6-phosphate (1). Next, 1 is transformed into open-form glucose-6-phosphate (2), which isomerizes to open-form fructose-6-phosphate (4). This isomerization reaction occurs through the tautomer A of 2 and 4. Phosphorylation of 4 affords fructose-1,6-diphosphate (5), which cleaves into carbonyl compounds B and C by retro-aldol reaction. Compounds B and C are able to interconvert via the common tautomer as similar to 2 and 4, and both produce pyruvic acid.
[VISUAL]
A solution of glucose was treated with an equal amount of phenylhydrazine in acetic acid. Draw the structure of the major product.
Model Answer
D-glucose phenylhydrazone: [VISUAL]
Draw Fischer projections of glucose-6-phosphate (2) and fructose-6-phosphate (4), respectively.
Model Answer
Fischer projections of glucose-6-phosphate (2) and fructose-6-phosphate (4): [VISUAL]
Draw the structure of tautomer A.
Model Answer
Structure of tautomer A: [VISUAL]
Draw the structures of carbonyl compounds B and C.
Model Answer
Structures of carbonyl compounds B and C: [VISUAL]